One Of The Nine Circles Of Hell In The Inferno That I Would Like To E

B. One of the nine circles of hell in ?The Inferno? that I would like to change is the Eighth circle, which is known as Canto XVIII. But before I do, let me introduce and explain briefly on each bolgia. This circle is called Malebolge.The classes of sinners are grouped into ten separate pockets called bolgia. An arching bridge connects each bolgia. The first out of ten bolgia, houses the panderers and the seducers. Horned devils serve as the guardians and lay out the punishments for the sinners. The second bolgia is where the flatters are held and punished. The sinners are to wallow in a floor excrement. The sinners lay upside down in a hole where only their feet stick out with flames engulfing them in the third bolgia know as the Simonists. In the fourth bolgia, the Soothsayers, is perhaps the strangest. Here, there are punished by having their bodies all twisted up in a demented way. In the Fifth bolgia, the Grafters, a black devil slings the sinner into the burning tar and pokes at him with his pitchfork so that he/she stays under the tar's surface. The sixth bolgia is the Hypocrites. The sinners all ?wear cloaks with hoods pulled low covering the eyes? that are ?lined with lead? (in 63-66). In addition, they must also walk at a steady pace. The seventh bolgia are the thieves. Serpents chase people around who are naked and terrified. Their hands are also tied behind their backs by the serpents, which also coil around their bodies. The seventh bolgia is called the Exchange and Interchanged. The eighth is called the Deceivers. It is brightly marked due to flames that burn all around. The ninth bolgia is called the Sowers of Scandal and Schism. The sinners are torn and ripped and walk around with their guts spilling from their abdominal cavity. Their bodies do heal, but then go through the pain again of being split open. Finally, in the tenth bolgia, The Alchemists and Falsifiers, they are plagued with different types of illnesses including leprosy. They all drag themselves on the ground because they are so weak they are unable to walk. If I were to change it, then I would take out at least three bolgias, making there only 7. I would elaborate more on each and add in more gruesome details on how the devils tortured the sinners. Maybe they could I would also like to leave its position where it is. If I would of moved it, then it wouldn't make sense. That is how I would change Dantes work around for a bit. My only purpose in changing it is so that it would be more elaborate and not have that ?crowded? feeling going on with the 10 bolgias. But other than that, I think it is good the way it is.

od essays

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Lucy (AL 288) - Australopithecus Skeleton from Ethiopia

Lucy (AL 288) - Australopithecus Skeleton from Ethiopia Lucy is the name of the nearly complete skeleton of an Australopithecus afarensis. She was the first nearly complete skeleton recovered for the species, found in 1974 at the Afar Locality (AL) 228, a site in the Hadar archaeological region on the Afar Triangle of Ethiopia. Lucy is about 3.18 million years old, and is called Denkenesh in Amharic, the language of the local people. Lucy is not the only early example of A. afarensis found at Hadar: many more A. afarensis hominids were found at the site and the nearby AL-333. To date, over 400 A. afarensis skeletons or partial skeletons have been found in the Hadar region from about a half-dozen sites. Two hundred sixteen of them were found at AL 333; together with Al-288 are referred to as the First Family, and they all date between 3.7 and 3.0 million years ago. What Scientists Have Learned About Lucy and Her Family The numbers of available specimens of A. afarensis from Hadar (including over 30 crania) have allowed continuing scholarship in several regions concerning Lucy and her family. These issues have included terrestrial bipedal locomotion; the expression of sexual dimorphism and how body size shapes human behavior; and the paleoenvironment in which A. afarensis lived and thrived. Lucys post-cranium skeleton expresses multiple features related to habitual striding bipedalism, including elements of Lucys spine, legs, knees, feet, and pelvis. Recent research has shown that she didnt move in ​the  same way as humans do, nor was she simply a terrestrial being. ​A. afarensis may well have still been adapted to live and work in trees at least part time. Some recent research (see Chene et al) also suggests the shape of the females pelves were closer to modern humans and less similar to the great apes.d less similar to the great apes. A. afarensis lived in the same region for over 700,000 years, and during that time, the climate changed several times, from arid to moist, from open spaces to closed forests and back again. Yet, A. afarensis persisted, adapting to those changes without requiring major physical changes. Sexual Dimorphism Debate Significant sexual dimorphismthat female animal bodies and teeth are significantly smaller than malesis typically found in species which have intense male to male competition. A. afarensis possesses a degree of postcranial skeletal size dimorphism matched or exceeded only by the great apes, including orangutans and gorillas. However, A. afarensis teeth are not significantly different between males and females. Modern humans, by comparison, have low levels of male-male competition, and male and female teeth and body size are far more similar. The peculiarity of that is stil debated: teeth size reduction may be the result of adapting to a different diet, rather than a signal of less male-to-male physical aggression. Lucys History The central Afar basin was first surveyed by Maurice Taieb in the 1960s; and in 1973, Taieb, Donald Johanson and Yves Coppens formed the International Afar Research Expedition to begin extensive exploration of the region. Partial hominin fossils were discovered in Afar in 1973, and the nearly complete Lucy was discovered in 1974. AL 333 was discovered in 1975. Laetoli was discovered in the 1930s, and the famous footprints discovered in 1978. Various dating measures have been used on the Hadar fossils, including Potassium/Argon (K/AR) and geochemical analysis of the volcanic tuffs, and currently  , scholars have tightened the range to between 3.7 and 3.0 million years ago. The species was defined, using Hadar and A. afarensis specimens from Laetoli in Tanzania, in 1978. Lucys Significance Lucy and her familys discovery and investigation remodeled physical anthropology, making it a much more rich and nuanced field than before, partly because the science changed, but also because for the first time, scientists had an adequate database to investigate all the issues around her. In addition, and this is a personal note, I think one of the most significant things about Lucy is that Donald Johanson and Edey Maitland wrote and published a popular science book about her. The book called Lucy, the Beginnings of Humankind made the scientific chase for the human ancestors accessible to the public.   Sources This article is a part of the About.com guide to the Lower Paleolithic, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Thanks are owed to Tadewos Assebework, of Indiana University, for correcting some minor errors. Chene G, Lamblin G, Lebail-Carval K, Chabert P, Marà ¨s P, Coppens Y, and Mellier G. 2015. The genital prolapse of Australopithecus Lucy? International Urogynecology Journal 26(7):975-980.Chene G, Tardieu AS, Trombert B, Amouzougan A, Lamblin G, Mellier G, and Coppens Y. 2014. A species’ Odyssey: evolution of obstetrical mechanics from Australopithecus Lucy to nowadays. European Journal of Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 181:316-320.DeSilva JM, and Throckmorton ZJ. 2011. Lucys Flat Feet: The Relationship between the Ankle and Rearfoot Arching in Early Hominins. PLoS ONE 5(12):e14432.Johanson DC. 2004. Lucy, Thirty Years Later: An expanded view of Australopithecus afarensis. Journal of Anthropological Research 60(4):465-486.Johanson DC, and White TD. 1979. A systematic assessment of early African hominids. Science 203(4378):321-330.Kimbel WH, and Delezene LK. 2009. â€Å"Lucy† redux: A review of research on Australopithecus afarensis. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 140(S49):2-48. Meyer MR, Williams SA, Smith MP, and Sawyer GJ. 2015. Lucys back: Reassessment of fossils associated with the A.L. 288-1 vertebral column. Journal of Human Evolution 85:174-180.Nagano A, Umberger BR, Marzke MW, and Gerritsen KGM. 2005. Neuromusculoskeletal computer modeling and simulation of upright, straight-legged, bipedal locomotion of Australopithecus afarensis (A.L. 288-1). American Journal of Physical Anthropology 126(1):2-13.Sellers WI, Cain GM, Wang W, and Crompton RH. 2005. Stride lengths, speed and energy costs in walking of Australopithecus afarensis: using evolutionary robotics to predict locomotion of early human ancestors. Journal of The Royal Society Interface 2(5):431-441.

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 5

History - Essay Example The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was the foregone solution to their conflicts. However, with the advent of a new century, the Mexicans were still confronted with issues and conflicts. To understand this situation of what has become of the ethnic Mexicans in the latter half of the nineteenth century and into the advent of another hundred years, it is necessary to consider the circumstances of the times and survey the events that make their late history. On the second day of February 1848, in the small village of Guadalupe Hidalgo close to the present day Mexico City, the treaty that ended the war between Mexico and the United States was signed. Mexico was obligated to turn over the regions of California, Rio Grande, and New Mexico, in exchange for $15,000,000 from the United States. The agreement could have been beneficial for both countries, if not for the violations committed by the United States several years after the ratification of the treaty. The treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo has not lived up to the peace negotiation that it was signed for. If there was good that was achieved through the treaty it would be that of for the United States’ expansion of territory. As stated in the first article of the treaty, â€Å"There shall be firm and universal peace between the United States of America and the Mexican Republic†¦Ã¢â‚¬  However, like any other war, the Mexican-American war was violent. And the aftermath of the war was as much suffering for the part of the Mexicans. The war was about territory; nonetheless, it was a war about racism, wealth, and labor as well. At this point, the war had not ended with the signing of the treaty. The gunfire and the military violence my have ended, but the sociological, economic, and political issues continued to affect the Mexicans. The aftermath was another war that confronted the ethnic Mexicans. The root of the conflicts in the aftermath of the war was attributed not to the essence of the

Research paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Research - Term Paper Example Stephen Crane’s â€Å"Open Boat† inspires me in such a way that it reflects my idea of fate and the indifference of God. The story has four men stranded in the middle of the ocean in a small boat. They all have remained hopeful despite the adversities they have encountered only to realize in the middle of the story that neither God nor nature ever cared for them. These men catch sight of a shore some 20 miles away from where they are as there was a lighthouse from a visible distance. However, they realize that the people in those places do not even see them. They have traveled so far and worked so hard to survive only to realize that their chances of drowning are now greater and worse. Then, with rage, they then turn against fate. This is reflected when one says, â€Å"If I am going to be drowned, then why not before I had even savored life like this? Fate is therefore unfair and preposterous!† (Crane, â€Å"Open Boat† 1994). They say this because these me n have worked so hard to almost the point of exhaustion just to be able to see a shore where nobody seems to see them and whose distance they seem unable to reach. They feel so cheated for they believe that after long hours of trying to survive, they deserve their reward of being rescued. Surely, if there were just an order in the universe, then they would be rewarded for all their efforts. They are all therefore made to believe that whoever struggles and makes an effort would sooner or later be rewarded. However, life is unfair, as I have always believed it. The four men’s unmet expectations make them hate fate because they realize that nature is indifferent to them. Nature is somehow giving them a message that the sun will keep on rising and setting even if they have to die. These men want some sympathy from nature for they believe they deserve it at that point in their lives, but they finally realize that

Empowerment on Girl Child Essay Example for Free

Empowerment on Girl Child Essay With sacrificing family resources to educate a girl child and a potential future leader still a big societal challenge, any effort to see the education of a girl is a huge boon. So when millions of dollars are poured into the effort, the impact cannot be overemphasised. The Campaign for Female Education (Camfed), introduced some few years back, has seen remarkable change of fortunes to many a rural folk. Now, a US$19 million bursary programme has been launched to benefit 24 000 girls from disadvantaged families in rural Guruve, Mashonaland Central. The launch was conducted at colourful ceremony at Chifamba Secondary School in the area recently. With testimonies of previous beneficiaries of the programme giving the clear picture of changed lives, more girls are set to change for the better. Already, lives have changed and tales are being told. More are coming, definitely. Twenty-five-year-old Bridget Moyo was born in the dusty village of Wedza in a polygamous family. Her mother sired six children and the other children under the genealogy of her father are incalculable. She needs to sit down and count them from her father’s first wife until the last. Being a girl on a polygamous family, she was not spared from challenges women as a whole face. From birth she was automatically rendered a future beggar. Her education was considered optional and it was the first thing to be sacrificed in a crisis. Her brothers, uncles and male cousins’ needs had to come first for the family. The family’s future was seen to be in their hands and blood, so it was to them that the family’s resources should be spent primarily. As if that was not enough, the family was so much immersed in poverty. School fees and levies were a luxury they could only dream of and there wasn’t enough for the family to eat. â€Å"I lost count of how many other people’s fields we worked in to make ends meet with my mother. It was not unusual for people to approach my mother and offer me a job as their housemaid,† Bridget said. She said it was very tragic in that some people had the audacity to exchange her labour services with a bucket of maize a month. â€Å"I am a proud member of the Johane Marange Apostolic Sect and my growing up in the church came with benefits and challenges. â€Å"I feel at home hen at church where I am accepted with expectations like other girls who have to get married at a tender age. † â€Å"In my teenage years, I was only supposed to dream about the kind of husband I was going to marry. Even if it meant dropping out of school, I did not drop out until I attained my university degree,† Bridget went on to narrate her ordeal. The turning point in Bridget’s life came after she got a bursary before attending secondary education. â€Å"In primary school I vividly remember being nominated a prefect before the school authorities reversed the decision because I did not have a school uniform. I never had a worry about the strategy to use to sneak back into classroom after being sent home on numerous occasions to collect the fees . Currently I am a holder of Bachelor of Science Honours Degree in Business Management and Entrepreneurship,† she said. This is not the only sad tale about girls who rise from invisibility to visibility after attaining education. Another is Talent Tokoda, who grew up as an orphan and single child. Talent was born and bred in Chivhu, where her mother took care of all the family needs. â€Å"It was a nightmare getting shoes or having a proper uniform. I struggled through primary school to completion but fortunately I passed with five units which are a sharp contrast to the struggles I went through. † â€Å"Time to enrol for secondary education came and my hope was like a dim light at the far end of a tunnel which could turn off anytime. A week before I was supposed to go to secondary school, I neither had school fees nor secured a place at any school. † â€Å"I could spend the whole day in the garden with my mother. I got the surprise of my life when I was told that my fees were going to be paid for until I complete Advanced Level,† Talent said in front of the dumbfounded crowd. She passed Advanced Level and was enrolled at the University of Zimbabwe where she is doing her final year studying for a Bachelor in Medicine and Surgery. â€Å"I am proud that I proved to doomsayers that I can achieve any goal men can achieve. In August next year I will be a qualified medical doctor,† Talent said in front of the cheering crowd. This mirrors how the personality can be moulded to greatness. Guruve District’s pass rate is pegged at 25 percent with the national pass rate sitting at 21 percent. Assisting the girl child with resources will help improve the pass rate at rural schools. For example, at Chifamba Secondary School the pass rate for girls is pegged at 10 percent. Research revealed that in Sub-Saharan Africa, 24 million girls cannot afford to go to school and as a result a girl may marry as young as 13. Camfed executive director for Zimbabwe and Malawi, Ms Angeline Murimirwa said it is vital to improve educational access, progression and completion for marginalised secondary school girls. â€Å"The coverage of bursaries will span for four years in 28 rural districts including resettlement areas. The other money will provide a package of support to schools, training of school development committees and support for parents to enable children currently out of school to enrol,† she said. Ms Murimirwa said it is imperative to enhance participation of women in national activities from district level. â€Å"Most secondary school girls drop out of school opting to get married or as a result of lacking financial support. â€Å"Organisations need to cherish marginalised communities and the idea that women constitute a greater percentage to the national population,† she said.

Frankenstein :: essays research papers

In a series of letters, Robert Walton, the captain of a ship bound for the North Pole, recounts to his sister back in England the progress of his dangerous mission. Successful early on, the mission is soon interrupted by seas full of impassable ice. Trapped, Walton encounters Victor Frankenstein, who has been traveling by dog-drawn sledge across the ice and is weakened by the cold. Walton takes him aboard ship, helps nurse him back to health, and hears the fantastic tale of the monster that Frankenstein created. Victor first describes his early life in Geneva. At the end of a blissful childhood spent in the company of Elizabeth Lavenza (his cousin in the 1818 edition, his adopted sister in the 1831 edition) and friend Henry Clerval, Victor enters the university of Ingolstadt to study natural philosophy and chemistry. There, he is consumed by the desire to discover the secret of life and, after several years of research, becomes convinced that he has found it. Armed with the knowledge he has long been seeking, Victor spends months feverishly fashioning a creature out of old body parts. One climactic night, in the secrecy of his apartment, he brings his creation to life. When he looks at the monstrosity that he has created, however, the sight horrifies him. After a fitful night of sleep, interrupted by the specter of the monster looming over him, he runs into the streets, eventually wandering in remorse. Victor runs into Henry, who has come to study at the university, and he takes his friend back to his apartment. Though the monster is gone, Victor falls into a feverish illness. Sickened by his horrific deed, Victor prepares to return to Geneva, to his family, and to health. Just before departing Ingolstadt, however, he receives a letter from his father informing him that his youngest brother, William, has been murdered. Grief-stricken, Victor hurries home. While passing through the woods where William was strangled, he catches sight of the monster and becomes convinced that the monster is his brother's murderer. Arriving in Geneva, Victor finds that Justine Moritz, a kind, gentle girl who had been adopted by the Frankenstein household, has been accused. She is tried, condemned, and executed, despite her assertions of innocence. Victor grows despondent, guilty with the knowledge that the monster he has created bears responsibility for the death of two innocent loved ones. Hoping to ease his grief, Victor takes a vacation to the mountains. While he is alone one day, crossing an enormous glacier, the monster approaches him. The monster admits the

Personal Statement for an English Course

English Personal Statement â€Å"That is part of the beauty of all literature. You discover that your longings are universal longings, that you're not lonely and isolated from anyone. You belong. † F. Scott Fitzgerald. I suppose that's why people love literature so much, it gives you the chance to explore realms of mind, body and spirit and observe life in an entirely different way. Modern Literature has always been of utmost interest to me alongside certain appreciations for the texts written within the Elizabethan period.I admire the ay that modern issues are portrayed through characters, allowing me to observe human nature, in a new analytical light. Ultimately my goal in life is to become an English teacher so that I can pass on knowledge and enthusiasm for the subject. Returning to do a seventh year has provided me with a chance to expand on my current qualifications and enhance my understanding of literature through Philosophy and my Advanced Higher English course. A fir m grasp of historic events from my previous History course has assisted me in my English course as it is entrally focused on independent study.Researching the background of authors and the period that which they were in, has helped me distinguish my analysis of the literature alongside preparing me for the academic world of university. One of my first duties within school is that of the role of prefect. I have done this duty for two years now and it involves maintaining order within the corridors. I have also been appointed an Independent Studies Supervisor. This requires me to take a leadership role and motivate others to complete their work while assisting them in areas that I ave studied.It is a very rewarding experience to be able to teach students in some aspects; hence I am within my complete element in this situation. In my spare time I enjoy writing poems or stories reflecting my outlook on life, or even my observation of others endeavours. From a personal point of view this allows me to expand on themes that have real meaning to me and understand why others apply those themes within novels, plays and poems. Concurrently writing about others allows me to see the development of real life characters, break down their actions and analyse he thoughts that they are feeling and empathise with them.Furthermore for the last eight years I have been in this group known as Musical Youth. We put on productions of popular well known shows. However for the last two years I have progressed to the adult group known as Encore. This involves writing our own plays contemporary, Victorian or otherwise; again allowing me to expand upon the mentality of characters and well thought themes. In my English course this has helped me understand the real root of what each writer is trying to say. Because of this I would certainly Join ocieties such as drama and even sports such as rugby.Between all the drama, I like to spend a little time and give back to the community. I head to the Day Care Centre each week and help the elderly while keeping them company. Some of the stories they have to tell are magnificent, and has given me insight to a basis of real live events in the past, which I apply currently in my English course. Now as a teenager I naturally need money, so to subsidise this I work as a part time Sales Assistant at Game, where you meet a variety of people with different cultures every day

Opinions About Online Schools

As today’s society goes on, more and more things are starting to modernize, including how we learn in school. Yes, there is still traditional school (books, pen, paper, etc. ) but even traditional school has some technology. In addition to the changes in traditional school, the way we go to school has become modernized. When in college you no longer have to wake-up and go to a class filled with students, you can get a degree at home in your pajamas! Yep, that’s exactly what I said.Today you can obtain a degree in the comfort of your own home! Think about it. Are online schools really that great of an idea? Yes they provide single parents the ability to get a degree and nurture children, and yes they allow anti-social students to stay within their comfort zones, but are they really helping other college students? My personal opinion is no. I think online colleges are not as rewarding as traditional schooling. First of all, it makes students lazier. They won’t have a reason to leave the house, so they won’t.Attending school online could cause someone to become socially dysfunctional, sluggish, and unaware of the opportunities waiting for them outside of the walls of their home. Online colleges can also deprive students from the movement and experience of an actual college lifestyle. Online schools also leave you wondering if you’re getting a genuine college degree. Sometimes schools aren’t always licensed colleges. Basically what I’m saying is, you could spend lots of time and money on something that’s not even real.There are several creditable colleges out there, but there are also a great number of phony online colleges. Wondering if you really have a college degree or not is something you shouldn’t have to ever think about. Lastly online colleges won’t provide you with as much knowledge for a specific career as possible. There’s just no way you can learn through e-mails and automated instructors. Without an actual instructor to guide you, you will be left alone to search the web for information, and we all know that everything we find on the internet isn’t always true.If you don’t have the proper guidance and materials needed for a subject or topic, it’ll be extremely difficult for you to succeed in a career that requires college knowledge for an entry level job. In conclusion, online schools just aren’t suitable for students who are seeking to get the most out of college. They cause you to get lazier, you’re never sure if you’re attending a creditable school, and online schools just don’t provide you with enough knowledge. Online schools may be appropriate for some people, but for the majority of students I don’t think online colleges are suitable.

Confidence Interval for the Difference of Two Population Proportions

Confidence Interval for the Difference of Two Population Proportions Confidence intervals are one part of inferential statistics.   The basic idea behind this topic is to estimate the value of an unknown population  parameter by using a statistical sample.   We can not only estimate the value of a parameter, but we can also adapt our methods to estimate the difference between two related parameters.   For example we may want to find the difference in the percentage of the male U.S. voting population who supports a particular piece of legislation compared to the female voting population. We will see how to do this type of calculation by constructing a confidence interval for the difference of two population proportions.   In the process we will examine some of the theory behind this calculation.   We will see some similarities in how we construct a confidence interval for a single population proportion as well as a confidence interval for the difference of two population means. Generalities Before looking at the specific formula that we will use, lets consider the overall framework that this type of confidence interval fits into.   The form of the type of confidence interval that we will look at is given by the following formula: Estimate /- Margin of Error Many confidence intervals are of this type. There are two numbers that we need to calculate.   The first of these values is the estimate for the parameter.   The second value is the margin of error.   This margin of error accounts for the fact that we do have an estimate.   The confidence interval provides us with a range of possible values for our unknown parameter. Conditions We should make sure that all of the conditions are satisfied before doing any calculation. To find a confidence interval for the difference of two population proportions, we need to make sure that the following hold: We have two simple random samples from large populations.   Here large means that the population is at least 20 times larger than the size of the sample. The sample sizes will be denoted by n1 and n2.Our individuals have been chosen independently of one another.There are at least ten successes and ten failures in each of our samples. If the last item in the list is not satisfied, then there may be a way around this.   We can modify the plus-four confidence interval construction and obtain robust results.   As we go forward we assume that all of the above conditions have been met. Samples and Population Proportions Now we are ready to construct our confidence interval.   We start with the estimate for the difference between our population proportions. Both of these population proportions are estimated by a sample proportion.   These sample proportions are statistics that are found by dividing the number of successes in each sample, and then dividing by the respective sample size. The first population proportion is denoted by p1.   If the number of successes in our sample from this population is k1, then we have a sample proportion of k1 / n1. We denote this statistic by  pÌ‚1.   We read this symbol as p1-hat because it looks like the symbol p1 with a hat on top. In a similar way we can calculate a sample proportion from our second population.   The parameter from this population is p2.   If the number of successes in our sample from this population is k2, and our sample proportion is   pÌ‚2 k2 / n2. These two statistics become the first part of our confidence interval. The estimate of p1 is pÌ‚1.   The estimate of p2 is pÌ‚2.   So the estimate for the difference p1 - p2 is pÌ‚1 - pÌ‚2. Sampling Distribution of the Difference of Sample Proportions Next we need to obtain the formula for the margin of error.   To do this we will first consider the   sampling distribution of   pÌ‚1  . This is a binomial distribution with probability of success p1 and  n1 trials. The mean of this distribution is the proportion p1.   The standard deviation of this type of random variable has variance of p1  (1 - p1  )/n1. The sampling distribution of pÌ‚2 is similar to that of pÌ‚1  .   Simply change all of the indices from 1 to 2 and we have a binomial distribution with mean of p2 and variance of p2 (1 - p2 )/n2. We now need a few results from mathematical statistics in order to determine the sampling distribution of pÌ‚1 - pÌ‚2.   The mean of this distribution is p1 - p2.   Due to the fact that the variances add together, we see that the variance of the sampling distribution is p1  (1 - p1  )/n1 p2 (1 - p2 )/n2.   The standard deviation of the distribution is the square root of this formula. There are a couple of adjustments that we need to make.   The first is that the formula for the standard deviation of pÌ‚1 - pÌ‚2 uses the unknown parameters of p1 and p2.   Of course if we really knew these values, then it would not be an interesting statistical problem at all.   We would not need to estimate the difference between p1 and  p2..   Instead we could simply calculate the exact difference. This problem can be fixed by calculating a standard error rather than a standard deviation.   All that we need to do is to replace the population proportions by sample proportions.   Standard errors are calculated from upon statistics instead of parameters. A standard error is useful because it effectively estimates a   standard deviation.   What this means for us is that we no longer need to know the value of the parameters p1 and p2.   .Since these sample proportions are known, the standard error is given by the square root of the following expression: pÌ‚1 (1 -  pÌ‚1 )/n1   pÌ‚2 (1 -  pÌ‚2 )/n2. The second item that we need to address is the particular form of our sampling distribution.   It turns out that we can use a normal distribution to approximate the sampling distribution of  pÌ‚1  - pÌ‚2.   The reason for this is somewhat technical, but is outlined in the next paragraph.   Both   pÌ‚1 and   pÌ‚2   have a sampling distribution that is binomial.   Each of these binomial distributions may be approximated quite well by a normal distribution.   Thus pÌ‚1  - pÌ‚2 is a random variable.   It is formed as a linear combination of two random variables.   Each of these are approximated by a normal distribution.   Therefore the sampling distribution of pÌ‚1  - pÌ‚2 is also normally distributed. Confidence Interval Formula We now have everything we need to assemble our confidence interval.   The estimate is (pÌ‚1 - pÌ‚2) and the margin of error is z* [ pÌ‚1 (1 -  pÌ‚1 )/n1   pÌ‚2 (1 -  pÌ‚2 )/n2.]0.5.   The value that we enter for z* is dictated by the level of confidence C.  Ã‚  Commonly used values for z* are 1.645 for 90% confidence and 1.96 for 95% confidence.   These values for  z* denote the portion of the standard normal distribution where exactly  C percent of the distribution is between -z* and z*.   The following formula gives us a confidence interval for the difference of two population proportions: (pÌ‚1 - pÌ‚2) /- z* [ pÌ‚1 (1 -  pÌ‚1 )/n1   pÌ‚2 (1 -  pÌ‚2 )/n2.]0.5

A Range Of Problems In The Future Essay Example for Free

A Range Of Problems In The Future Essay Communism (145) , Winston Smith (53) ? ‘The world will have to grapple with a range of problems in the future’ The world will inevitably change as time continues to expose the past’s perception of the future to the now. As the earth ages, generations to come adapt to the new world they perceive to be as It is near impossible for every parent to educate their young on everything they have ever learned; thus attitudes and morals are continually fluctuating. It is undeniable that it has already affected society it is evident throughout today’s problems that were never pondered upon by older generations such as the rapid advances in technology. The future can only change, and will encounter many dilemmas along the way. Earth already has an overwhelming number of human inhabitants, and the world’s population continues to increase. Many people do not want to acknowledge the problem, but ignorance will not change the inevitable consequences of overpopulation. No animal species can exist without adequate food, water, shelter and other essential resources and humans are not exempt from this rule. When the human population exceeds the resources needed to sustain it, the same thing that happens to any overpopulated species; nature will reduce the population through famine, disease, interspecies fighting or a combination of either one. That reality has already affecting people in some Third World countries. Because of cultural, political and religious attitudes, almost no world leader is willing to acknowledge the problem, much less take the necessary steps to resolve it. The underlying cause of almost every environmental problem in the world today is human overpopulation. Air pollution, water shortages, habitat loss, extinctions, and invasive species all are caused or intensified from having too many people in the world. Humans are unique among all animal species in having the ability to solve even a monumental problem like overpopulation. This awareness is existent in George Orwell’s ‘1984’, the effects of extreme totalitarian society have stripped society’s resources and forced them to live in a dystopian environment full of pollution and overpopulation. Such a situation of local overpopulation has existed since the dawn of humanity and is slowly becoming a global existential problem. Technology today has transformed the world and changed how people live in their day to day lives. As advances in technology are generally perceived to be an advantage, it can enable the most malevolent evil. The realm of communications has likewise seen immense change. People are provided with new ways to communicate with each other, such as email and instant messaging which can pose as a breach of privacy if used for the wrong intentions. Documents placed on the internet are sources of information for the rest of the world, and will forever leave a digital footprint. Global positioning satellites allow us to track our exact location and find our way to various destinations; such accessible conveniences can alter the future in foretelling ways. George Orwell’s ‘1984, illustrates a dystopian society ruled by a totalitarian government. This extreme realization portrays a government with absolute power, in which controls every aspect of human life using a number of dehumanising techniques. Orwell’s dark vision poses as a foreshadowing notice, which thoroughly explores the consequences of advanced technology and its misuse. As Oceania’s mechanical citizens are constantly monitored using microphones and surveillance, expunges their right to privacy and to make choices. It is clear that the innovations of technology could escalate out of control, leaving society with no defence against it. Thus, it will ultimately destroy humanity in the pursuit of absolute power. The discovery of DNA has the possibility to lead to major social and scientific issues in society. With new advances in technology, there are increases in the consequences that the new technology will allow. It is evident in Andrew Niccol’s film ‘Gattaca’ that the more powerful genetic engineering becomes the more helpful and harmful it develops. The film depicts a society ruled by ‘genoism’, where your genetics decide your social class in the world with a stressed need for perfectionism. This depressing image where there is no determinism for fate or influence for ethical standards eliminates the right for freedom of choice, that people freely and obliviously exhaust today. The consequences of selective breeding solutions are frequently addressed in past and modern literature. In ‘Jurassic Park’, a scientist exhumes and modifies dinosaur DNA to then create an island inhabited by dinosaurs. Consequently, the impact of unnaturally producing a breed that has been extinct for a long period of time threatened the rest of  the human race’s existence. It is clear that such meticulous science created in the wrong hands has the potential to impact the world permanently. Similarly, a frightening futuristic concept that threatens to dominate society is totalitarianism. The objective of totalitarian government is to limit and regulate every aspect of public and private life. George Orwell’s novel, ‘1984’, exemplifies a society lacking in freedom and expression. His fictional society in the year 1984 stands as a metaphor for a totalitarian society. Communication, personal beliefs, and national loyalty are controlled by the inner party which governs the people of Oceania in order to keep society from rebelling. The concept of also controlling the personal beliefs of the citizens promotes totalitarianism by limiting the form of any emotional or individual expression. The citizens of Oceania were forced to work long days which limited self-expression because they were too exhausted to do anything else. Oceania, where protagonist Winston Smith lives, is ruled by the INGSOC. â€Å"BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU†, the main party slogan of Oceania which makes clear that every action you make is all seen by Big Brother, the big leader. The Inner Party, controlled by Big Brother, dictates several aspects of the people’s life. As a society, Oceania are completely brain washed by the continuous propaganda which is based on false news, a new language which reduces the capacity of using words in a double sensed way named Newspeak and indoctrination, this newborn dialect empowers and respects INGSOC. The overall concept is designed to control personal beliefs of the citizens by limiting their form of expression. Essentially, controlling the communication aligns with the Totalitarian aspects of governing. George Orwell envisioned the lack of communication could possibly result to total dominance and control of the people. As civilization moves toward the point where human life will be irreversibly transformed, it will also have to overcome the potential problems that are carried along with any advancement in technology and government. All of these possibilities portray a pessimistic view of the future which has the potential to accrue into tremendous issues of whom the world will have to grapple. A Range Of Problems In The Future. (2016, Sep 11).

The feasibility of producing frozen foods for export in Thailand Case Study

The feasibility of producing frozen foods for export in Thailand - Case Study Example Additionally, a similar analysis will be conducted for the four foreign countries. If economic conditions in these countries are feasible for foreign export, then the project is also feasible. Lastly, this research aims at proposing the best international business management tactics in those respective countries. Thailand is a country located in the Eastern part of the Asian Continent. The country has a lot of potential in its food industry because agriculture is one of the mainstays of the Thailand economy. Currently, the industry is dominated by the sale of fresh foods both within the country and also as exports. Very little has been done in the development of the ready- to - eat/ frozen foods section of the industry yet that country has more than enough resources and raw materials to start development in this line of business. Besides, there is a ready market in the country and outside for the products. Some of the countries that could be potential markets for frozen food from Thailand include the US, UK, China and Japan.1 The research topic deals with the introduction of frozen foods from Thailand into foreign markets. ... Therefore, there is a need for one to examine the feasibility of such a venture. This is because before one penetrates into a certain market there are a number of factors that need to be examined to ensure that the venture will be a success. Economic policies within the country of origin must be examined to certify that they favour the exportation of certain commodities. This ought to be examined against the backdrop of that country's economy. A researcher should examine how the Thailand economy is and what level of industrial growth has the country achieved. On top of that, one should ascertain that the country will be able to produce quality frozen foods and that it will be able to sustain that level of production. Some of the factors that could act as a deterrent to the success of exported products include; low purchasing power high wage costs poor climatic conditions availability of raw materials availability of product alternatives2 Therefore, the research should ascertain that these factors are not present in Thailand before it can give a go ahead to the production of frozen foods in the area. There is also need for research in this area because one needs to asses whether there is a ready market for the goods that will be produced by Thailand. In the process of examining this, one should look at consumer behaviour in target countries like the US and China and find out whether there will be a positive attitude towards goods from Thailand. In addition, the export potential of the product should also be assessed. Export market potential is the ability of a product to sell in foreign countries. This is normally assessed by analysing performance in the country of origin. Beside these,